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T T 0 T t T 0 B Erosion and Transport Potential of Sediment Obstructing the Flow of the Rio Grande into the Gulf of Mexico
D. Michael Chapin, Jr., Rich Jepsen, Jesse D. Roberts and Randy Buhalts
Sandia National Laboratories
4100 National Parks Highway
Carlsbad, NM 88220
Abstract
The mouth of the Rio Grande has become silted up, obstructing its flow into the Gulf of Mexico. This is problematic in that it has created extensive flooding. The purpose of this study was to determine the erosion and transport potential of the sediments obstructing the flow of the Rio Grande by employing a unique Mobile High Shear Stress flume developed by Sandias Carlsbad Programs Group for the US Army Corps of Engineers. The flume measures in-situ sediment erosion properties at shear stresses ranging form normal flow to flood conditions for a variable depth sediment core. The flume is in a self-contained trailer that can be placed on site in the field. Erosion rates and sediment grain size distributions were determined from sediment samples collected in and around the obstruction and were subsequently used to characterize the erosion potential of the sediments under investigation.
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INTERACTION OF ACTINIDES WITH HUMIC AND FULVIC ACIDS AT HIGH IONIC STRENGTHS.
Complexation of Americium with humic, Fulvic and citric acids at high ionic strength
N. A. Wall, M. Borkowski, L-F. Chen, G.R. Choppin
Deparment of Chemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA
Abstract
The Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP), located within a natural bedded salt formation in the South-East of New-Mexico is now open for the permanent repository of transuranic (TRU) wastes. This work presents results regarding the interaction of Am (III) with ligands relevant to the repository: humic acids (HA), fulvic acids (FA) and citric acid (Cit). The stability constants of the Am complexes were evaluated as a function of the ionic strength (NaCl), using a solvent extraction technique. The Am/Cit first stability constant log b
101 varies between 5.9 at 0.3 m and 5.10 at 5.0 m. For a HA degree of ionization (a
) c.a. 0.6, the Am/HA binding constant log b
1 varies from 6.18 at 1 m and 7.40 at 6.0 m. At high ionic strength (3.0 m and 6.0 m), the HA degree of ionization between 0.6 and 1.0 does not influence the Am/HA binding constant. Comparison between the binding constants of HA and FA, where they both present a degree of ionization of c.a. 1 and the stability constants with Cit shows that, at high ionic strength, log b
101(Am/Cit) »
log b
1(Am/FA) »
log b
1(Am/HA) — 1. Literature data were review to extend this observation to other metals complexes. The values of stability constants for metal ions with citrate can serve as an estimated value for FA binding constants, leading to an approximation of HA binding constants. This work was funded at Florida State University by Sandia National Laboratory, a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC04-94AL8500.